1. Soil disinfection (solar disinfection method)
Under the conditions of facilities, the temperature and humidity are very conducive to the growth and spread of diseases and pests, especially soil borne diseases and pests. Solar disinfection method is both economical and effective disinfection method.
In July and August, soil disinfection is carried out by using long time of direct sunlight and high temperature. The specific method is: each 667 square meters into 1000-2000kg of straw, quick lime 30-60kg(pH6.5 below, such as pH6.5 above with the same amount of ammonium sulfide), deep tillage, land preparation into a 60-70cm wide, 30cm high hatchback, this is mainly to increase the surface area to make the earth temperature rise quickly. Cover the compartment with the old film and fill the trench with water until the compartment is wet. If the greenhouse film is tightly sealed for more than 7d (it is 7d when the weather is clear and fine, or lengthen if it is overcast and rainy), the surface temperature can reach more than 80℃ by using this method, and common diseases and insects can be killed. In order to improve the sterilization effect, the pesticide can also be applied to the soil before insolation.
2. The soil will be turned over and ploughed, raker and then the shed will be irrigate with water to make the bacteria and bacteria in the greenhouse soil in a state of no breeding conditions, killing bacteria such as fusarium and ascomycetes. At the same time, after flooding, it is beneficial to organic decay, improve physical and chemical properties of bed soil, and coordinate soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other factors.
3. The shed shall be sterilized 7 to 10 days before sowing or transplanting. Each cubic meter shall be mixed with 4 grams of sulfur and 8 grams of sawdust. Also can press every cubic metre with 25% bacillum clear l gram, sawdust 8 grams mix, ignite fumigation disinfection.
4, greenhouse, greenhouse skeleton auxiliary facilities disinfection of greenhouse skeleton, nutrition bowl and other seedling equipment, production tools, etc., can be used 1% ~ 2% formalin solution after uniform spraying or washing closed disinfection. Wheat field before winter weeding significantly increase efficiency. Years of practice has proved that wheat fields sprayed with herbicide before winter have fewer weeds, flourishing wheat seedlings and fewer diseases and pests in the next year. On the contrary, more grass, more pests and diseases, fewer wheat seedlings, low yield. The use of herbicides in wheat fields before winter increased by more than 15% compared with spring spraying, and reduced pesticide input and labor cost by 30%. In the 3-6 leaf stage of pre-winter wheat, the wheat has strong drug resistance and is not easy to produce drug harm. In this stage, the weeds in the field are small, the root system is weak, the drug resistance is poor and the effect of killing grass is good. Therefore, the pre-winter spraying of herbicide has the advantages of saving medicine, saving labor and good effect of increasing yield.
Spraying period: wheat 3-6 leaf stage, weeds 3-5 leaf stage. The temperature during the day shall not be lower than 10℃. When soil moisture content is between 40% and 60%, it is most conducive to the development of herbicide efficacSpray time: the weather is clear and windy, 10 am to 3 PM is appropriate.
Pesticide selection: herbicides should be selected according to the main weed species. Must identify the field weeds, scientific selection of herbicides, targeted weed control.
"Shima" can be used in fields mainly composed of gramineae hybrid wheat, grass finch wheat, bluegrass, ryegrass, etc.
"Kuo shima" can be used in hybrid fields of Dixie wheat and broad-leaved weeds.
In fields dominated by broad-leaved weeds, herbicides such as maixi, maicao, benzensulon, thiazulon and kuaomaolin can be used.
Concentration preparation: the amount of medicine to look at the field grass age and weed species, the general grass age when the amount of less, grass age when the amount of medicine to increase, less sensitive weed dosage, resistant to strong weed dosage more. The right way to make up the quality is -- secondary dilution method: first add a small amount of water to make mother liquor, and then pour into a certain amount of water in the sprayer, and then add the amount of water to add, and add while stirring, evenly diluted to the need for concentration. By all means, do not add water after pouring the agent first, so that the agent is easy to be deposited in the suction pipe of the sprayer, so that the concentration of the first injection of liquid medicine is high, easy to produce harm, after the injection of liquid medicine concentration is low, weeding effect is poor. Can not be poured into a large amount of water into the spray, such wettable powder often floating in the water table or formed into small pieces, uneven distribution, not only can not guarantee the effect and spray when easy to block the nozzle hole. In addition, the liquid should be prepared with clean water.
